1. Ureterorenoscopic Lithotripsy with holmium Laser

• Best for Ureter Stones 
• Minimally Invasive
• No incision required
• The probe passes through the urethra
• The stone powder comes out with urine
• Only 24-hour hospitalization is required

2. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)

• Best for kidney stones of more than 2 cm in size 
• An incision is required on the skin near the waist area 
• Spinal or epidural anesthesia required
• Mini perc or stent may or may not be required
• 2-3 days of hospitalization required
• If stents are placed then they are removed after 5 to 10 days. 

3. Cystoscopic laser lithotripsy

• Best for Bladder Stones
• No incision required
• The probe passes through the urethra
• Stone is taken out from the urethra 
• A urinary catheter may be left in place for a few hours 
• 24 to 48 hours of hospitalization is required

4. Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) 

• Good for less than 20mm size stones 
• Minimally Invasive
• The probe passes through Urethra 
• No incisions and stitches involved
• Holmium Laser is involved in the procedure 
• The laser breaks the big stone into tiny pieces which are then taken out
• 24 to 48 hours of hospitalization required
• Faster procedure (takes less time than other methods)
• Faster recovery 
• Painless procedure 
• Minimal risk of infection as no cut is involved 
• Naturally passing dust particles 
• The best treatment for stones in children, obese patients, and bleeding disorder patients